Comparison of Grand Nursing Theorist.
Instructions: • Select a grand theorist from each of the four types of grand theories, as identified by Meleis.
• Compare and contrast, in tabular format, the following information:
o Educational background
o Philosophy of nursing
o Definition of nursing
o Goal/purpose of theory
In narrative form, reflect on these theorists and explain which one is most congruent with your personal philosophy of nursing
Solution
Comparison of Grand Nursing Theorist
Introduction
According to Meleis (2007), she defines nursing theory as a “conceptualization of a number of aspects of nursing reality communicated with the aim of defining a phenomenon, explaining relationships, predicting outcomes, and nursing care prescription. As such, they serve as a reservoir where findings related to the nursing concept are stored and provide a solution to critical phenomena in nursing (Meleis, 2011). This paper transcends a definition of the grand nursing theories stipulated by Meleis. The table below shows the comparison.
Comparison of the Grand Nursing Theorists
| Grand Theory Theorist | Education | Philosophy of Nursing | Definition of Nursing | Goals |
| Needs theory by Dorothea Orem | Diploma of Nursing at Providence Hospital, Washington DC in 1930, Bachelor of Science (Nursing) at Catholic University America 1939, MSN degree in 1945 and Honorary doctorate from George Town University 1976 | Philosophy refers to the provision of care to others who cannot cater for their health wise needs (Shah, Abdullah, & Khan, 2015). | Nursing is a self-care office which addresses issues for individual mind activity to sustain life and health, recuperate from illness or injury and adapt to interventions | Promotion and maintenance of life to explain any self-care deficit to enhance the patients’ capabilities and maintain a state of self-care |
| Interaction Theory by Imogen King | Diploma of Nursing at the Nursing School of St. Louis 1945, A BSN and MSN from the same university in 1948 and 1950 respectively | She stipulates that the components of the environment, musing, health as well as the individual are incorporated to function as a unit with the aim to promote health (King, 1997). | Nursing is a process where a nurse and the patient share information and make a decision on the therapeutic goals | Nursing focuses on helping a person to maintain health and function as an individual to preserve the health status |
| Hildegard Peplau | Diploma for Nursing 1939 from Pottstown, PA, A bachelor’s degree in Interpersonal Psychology 1943, Master’s Degree and Doctoral Degree from TCCU | Philosophy focussed on tackling psychological aggravations and energy such as anxiety and tension to typify an understanding and manage the current issue (Peplau, 1997) | Nursing is a restorative, interpersonal and an objective-oriented process that is a repairing art. As such, it entails helping and perceiving a patient accomplish his goal in therapy | The main aim of this theory is to comprehend the standards of the interpersonal relationships in a nurse setting, focussed on patient-nurse relationship to foster critical thinking skills |
| Outcome Theory by Sister Callista Roy | A BSN from the St. Mary’s College in California 1963, MSN from University of California, and a Master’s Degree in Sociology 1973 | Nursing philosophy concentrates on patients’ jolts and the impact it has on patients for change or adjustment. These adaptation modes include role function, interdependence, physiologic and self-idea (Shah, Abdullah, & Khan, 2015) | Nursing is an arrangement of learning regarding the perspective that a patient id a bio-psychosocial entity | For a patient to adjust by nursing intercessions, such as, the help of varied tasks through direction, health education, efficient patient-nurse communication, and distinguishing resources for a patient are imperative. |
Reflection
The four theorists
suggest how the needs, outcomes, and interactions of a nurse with a patient
affect the advancement of the health status of the patient. As such, my
personal philosophy lies with Sister Callista’s theory that stipulates that a
patient is a biopsychosocial being. Therefore,
each component in the environment that affects biologically, socially and
psychologically must be analyzed for
better treatment and intervention. I prefer understanding a patient from a
biopsychosocial viewpoint as it effectively helps
in treating the patient effectively.
References
King, I. M. (1997). King’s Theory of Goal Attainment in Practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(4), 180. doi:10.1177/08943184970100041
Meleis, A. I. (2011). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Peplau, H. E. (1997). Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations. Nursing Science Quartehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9416116rly, 10(4), 162-167.
Shah, M., Abdullah, A., & Khan, H. (2015). Compare and Contrast of Grand Theories: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Roy’s Adaptation Model. International Journal of Nursing, 39-42. doi:10.15520/ijnd.2015.vol5.iss01.28.39-42